Prologue |
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Of those that have written before us
The books remain, and we therefore
Have been taught of what was written then:
Therefore it is good that we also
In our time among us here
Do write of some new material,
From the example of these old books
So that it might be in such a manner,
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Present fortune the old blessed time
Forsakes, and turns round ancient manners on her wheel.
Harmonious love begat aged peace,
While human’s shape was their mind’s messenger:
With laws of the same kind then time’s light shone,
Then certain were the paths of justice.
And now lurking hatred love’s face portrays,
And time under false peace covers for armies;
And out of diverse changeable images like chameleons
Law carries on, and new laws are to kingdoms new:
Regions undivided and thus through the world
Release, nor go to have quiet centers.
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[From Latin in the right margin]
The first shows, how out of respect for his prince King Richard Angelie the whole, his Humble Johannes Gower, although he is twice weary from various illnesses, had small labors to undertake and not refuse, but as the honeycomb from the various flowers collects the present book from various chronicles, histories, poetrys, and philosophies, despite his poor health he diligently compiled [the book].
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[The State]
Back in time memorial
The world stood in all its wealth:
People were healthy, It was a time of plenty and riches
And a high time for virtue.
The world's prosperity is chronicled by past writings.
Justice of the law was upheld, The privilege of royalty Was safe, and all the barons Honored their estates;
The cities knew no debate, The people stood in obedience Under the rule of government,
And peace, which righteousness kissed, With charity stood reassured.
The courage of man's heart
Was shown in the countenance,
Without the semblance of deceit.
There was unenvied loved, There the truth was set above
And vice was put under foot.
Now the crop stands upside down.
The world is changed now,
And particularly,
Love has fallen into discord.
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And that I take to record
Of every land, from his part,
The voice of the people, which may not lie;
Not upon one, but upon all
What men now make appeal,
And see the kingdom has been divided,
Guided by hate instead of love,
The war gains no peace,
And lawyers have put on their double face,
So that justice out of the way
With righteousness is gone away:
And looking on all sides,
Men see the wound without salve,
Which all the world has ruined.
There is no kingdom of exception,
For every climate has its share
According to the turning of the wheel,
Which blind fortune overthrows.
A fact no one knows.
Heaven knows what is to be done,
But we that duel under the moon
Stand in this world in doubt,
And unless the power
Of them who are the world’s guides—
With good counsel on all sides—
Be kept upright in such a way,
That hate does not break the court
Of love, which is the principle means
To keep a kingdom out of mischief.
Therefore,
He who is the leader
The humble members should bow to,
And he should accept their loyalty,
With all his heart and make them spirited,
For good counsel is good to hear.
Although a man is by himself,
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[The Church]
Those whom ancient Moses honored or new John himself,
This day hardly honor yesterday’s laws.
Thus doubly before the church virtue polished
Now wise men uncultured pale at the way.
The sword’s point removed from the peaceable sheath by Peter
Stood towards the blood of Christ’s words;
Now while swords are constantly wet from blood
Shake greed, bring together holy rites.
Thus the wolf is the pastor, the father a stranger, death a commiserator,
And dispensers prey, peace and in the world through fear.
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602 As I lay asleep in my bed
a clear image entered my head
And in my dream so strange and grand
a giant statue there did stand
who’s head and neck were gold and bright,
glistening in the sun’s strong light.
It’s chest and arms were metal too
But these were silver, that I knew.
His thighs were unique yet again,
Cast of fine brass down to the shin
From there on out his legs were steel
Until my eyes went to his heel
The feet on which this giant lay
Were made entirely of clay
But as I gazed upon this beast
With total worth from most to least
A stone came down from heavens gate
And this statue did decimate.
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And then, when he had served his God
He took what he well deserved:
The Diademe, and was crowned
Of Rome, and thus the empire was abandoned
Which, never again, can be put
Into the hands of any Roman
But for a long time it stood so still
Under the will and hand of the French king
Until fortune lead with her wheel
So afterward it had the Lombards
Nought be the sword, but the suffering
Of him that was the King of France
Who was Karle Calvis
And he resigned in the cause
The empire of Rome under Lowis
His Cousin, who was a Lombard.
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[Division and Evil] line 967
Division, the Gospel said,
One house upon another lies,
Until that realm is all overthrown,
And thus may every man well know,
Division above all
Is a thing which makes the world fall,
And ever has done since it began.
It may first prove upon man,
The which, for his complexion
Is made division
Of cold, hot, moist, dry,
He right by his very nature die,
for his contrariness
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Stand ever in debate,
Until that part be overcome,
There will be no lasting peace.
But otherwise, if a man were
Made of one material
Without interruption,
There should be no corruption
Engendered upon that unity.
The body and the soul also Among them been divided so That whatever thing the body hates The soul loves and debates; But nonetheless it often is seen Of war which is them between The feeble having won the victory. And whoever draw into memory What has become of old and new, He may that war sore rue, Which first began in Paradise: For there it was proved what it is, And what disease there it wrought; For ilk war though forth brought The vice of all deadly sin Through which division came in Among the men in earth here And was the cause and the matter Why god the great floods send Of all the world and made an end
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The Tale of Florent (from Book I) |
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[The Tale of Florent]
There was once in the days of old
A worthy night, and as men told,
He was nephew to the emperor
And of his court a courtier
Wifeless he was, Florent he was called,
He was a man who possessed great power,
Of armies he was desirous,
Chivalrous and amorous,
And sought fame around the world
And adventures to foreign lands.
He rode in the borderlands all about.
There were times where
Fortune severed and tied every thread of man's success
Like when this knight rode through a pass
Where he was forcibly captured
And to a castle they him led,
Where that he few friends had
And at that time,
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Though he had a deadly wound,
He fought and because of his skill in combat
He defeated Branchus, who was the heir to the governor of the castle,
And angered Branchus's father and mother both.
Ln. 1442
There was a lady, as sly
As any men knew then,
So old she could barely move,
Who was grandmother to the dead:
And with that she began to scheme,
And said that she would do him (Florent) in,
That she would deliver him to death
But only through his own consent,
Through strength of binding covenant
So that no other man could be blamed.
She sent for the knight,
And of her son she alleged
His death, and said to him:
“Florent, even though you are to blame
For Brachus’ death, men shall delay
Their vengeance for the time being,
Provided that you stand in judgment
Upon certain condition,
That you should answer a question
Which I will ask you:
And over this you should swear,
That if you get the wrong answer,
There won’t be anything else that can avail,
Ln. 1465
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1465 That you shall not your death receive.
So that men shall not you deceive,
In order that you be advised,
You shall have your day in court
And permission to leave safely,
1470
Provided that at this days end
You come again with your opinion."
This knight, which was worthy and wise,
This lady prayed that he may know,
And have it sealed officially,
1475 What question it should be
For which he shall in that degree
Stand of his life in jeopardy.
With that she feigned company,
And said: "Florent, on love it depends
1480
All that to mine question pertains:
What all women most desire
This intention I ask, and in the empire
Whereas you have much knowledge
Take counsel upon this question."
1485
Florent this thing did undertake,
The day was set, the time take,
Beneath his seal, he wrote his oath,
In such a manner and forth he went
Home to his Uncle's court again;
1490
Fully to his fate settled
He told, of that him befell.
And upon that they were all
The wisest of the land assent,
But nonetheless of a consent
1495
They might not agree completely,
One said this, and the other that.
After the disputation
Of natural temperament
To some woman it is delight,
1500
That to another is grievance;
But such a thing is special,
Which to them all in general
Is most pleasant, and most desired
Above all other and most conspired,
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Is most pleasant, and most desired
Above all others, and most craved,
Such a thing cannot be found
By the stars nor the earth:
And thus Florent without hope
May embrace his adventure,
All in the shape of loss,
As in default of his answer.
This knight hath liking to die
Rather than break his oath and lie
In the place there as he was sworn,
And he shapeth himself to return again to there.
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(1671) This old woman had awaited him
Where he had left her.
Florent lifted his woeful head Florent raised up his woeful head
And saw this hag where she sat, And saw this hag where she sat,
Who was the loathliest creature Who was the most loathsome thing
That any man had ever seen: That ever a man laid eyes on:
Her nose low, her brows arched high, Her low nose, her high-arched brows,
Her eyes small and deep-set, Her eyes small and deep set,
Her cheeks wet with tears Her cheeks were wet with tears,
And shriveled like an empty skin And wrinkled like empty skin
Hanging down toward her chin, Hanging down onto her chin.
Her lips shrunken with age – Her lips shrunken with age,
There was no beauty in her visage. There was no grace in her face.
Her forehead was narrow, her hair gray,. Her forehead was narrow, her hair gray
She looked like a Moor. She looked like a Moor
Her neck was short, her shoulders curved– Her neck was short, her shoulders hunched
Such a sight might disturb a man’s desire! That might disturb a man's lust!
Her body was great and nothing small, Her body great, and nothing small,
And – to quickly confess all here – And to briefly describe her all,
She had no limb without a [deficiency], She has no limb without defect:
But like a sack of wool But like a sack of wool,
She offered herself to this knight, She offered herself to this knight
And told him, as he had promised,
That as she had been his supporter,
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She held him bound,
And she seized his horse’s bridle.
God only knows how he felt
As she spoke these words:
He thought his heart would break
For sorrow because he could not flee
Without proving himself untrue. |
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